北极航线与传统航线地理区位优势的比较分析

在对样本港口和样本船型进行选择的基础上，运用海洋船舶航运利润核算方法，通过航运利润指标对北极航线和传统航线地理区位优势进行了比较分析。结果表明：（1）与传统航线相比，在北极航线需要破冰服务时，北极航线的航运利润高56%左右；在北极航线无需破冰服务时，北极航线的航运利润高105%左右；（2）在欧亚大陆西端的港口中，勒阿佛尔港以北港口至上海港选择北极航线更具地理区位比较优势，而其以南港口至上海港选择北极航线则处于劣势；在北美东海岸的港口中，纽约港以北港口至上海港选择北极航线更具比较优势，而其以南港口至上海港选择北极航线则处于劣势；（3）与俄罗斯、法国、加拿大、美国、挪威和英国的其它港口相比，上海港至俄罗斯北部、法国西北部、加拿大北部、美国东北部、挪威北部、英国东北部的港口，选择北极航线更具地理区位比较优势；（4）与北极航线需要破冰服务时相比，在无需破冰服务时，上海港至俄罗斯、法国（西北部）、加拿大、美国（东北部）、挪威和英国的港口，选择北极航线地理区位比较优势更大。

Comparative analysis on the geographical location ad-vantage of the Arctic routes and the traditional routes

Based on the selection of sample ports and sample ship types, this paper used the indicator of shipping profit to analyze the geographical location advantage of the arctic routes and the traditional routes through the marine shipping profit accounting method. The main findings are as follows: (1) In the case of the need of icebreaking service, the shipping profit of ships via the arctic routes will be 56% higher than that of ships via the traditional routes. In the absence of icebreaking service, the shipping profit of ships via the arctic routes will be 105% higher than that of ships via the traditional routes;(2) The geographical location advantage of the arctic routes is stronger than that of the traditional routes from a port in north of Le Havre port in ports of west of the Eurasia to Shanghai port, but the geographical location of the arctic routes from a port in south of Le Havre port to Shanghai port is at a disadvantage; The geographical location advantage of the arctic routes is stronger than that of the traditional routes from a port in north of New York port in ports of east coast of the North America to Shanghai port, but the geographical location of the arctic routes from a port in south of New York port to Shanghai port is at a disadvantage;(3) Compared with other ports in Russia, France, Canada, the United States, Norway and the United Kingdom, the ship via the arctic routes from Shanghai port to a port in Northern Russia, Northwestern France, Northern Canada, Northeastern America, Northern Norway and Northeastern Britain has the geographical location advantage over the traditional routes;(4) Compared with the need of icebreaking service, the geographical location advantage of the arctic routes without icebreaking service is stronger than that of the traditional routes from Shanghai port to a port of Russia, Canada, Norway, the United Kingdom, one in northwest of France and one in northeast of the United States.