光纤传感器及其在地质矿产勘探开发中的应用

与传统电、磁及机械传感器相比，光纤传感器集传输、传感于一体，具有诸多独特优势，在各领域中均存在广泛、特殊的应用前景和潜力。目前研究最多、应用最广泛、在该领域内占重要地位的两类光纤传感器是光纤光栅传感器和分布式光纤传感器，前者以光纤Bragg光栅（FBG）传感器为主，后者以基于拉曼散射的分布式温度传感器（DTS）和基于布里渊散射的分布式温度应变传感器（DTSS）为主。着重阐述了这两类光纤传感器在地质矿产勘探中的应用：光纤地震检波器在石油勘探中的应用、DTS和光纤光栅压力传感器在油页岩勘探中的应用、光纤传感器在智能完井中的应用以及光纤气体传感器在地下煤矿安全监测中的应用。光纤传感器目前存在规范性差、成品率低等的问题,特殊结构或特殊用途的光纤传感器的研制是未来发展方向。

Fiber Optic Sensor and Its Applications in Geophysical and Mining Engineering

Compared to traditional sensors such as electric,magnetic,mechanical and gas sensor,optical fiber sensors have many advantages and been applied in many fields.Optical fiber sensor can achieve sensing and signal transmission simultaneously.At present,the most popular two kinds of fiber optic sensors are fiber grating sensor and distributed fiber sensor,the former of which is dominated by fiber Bragg grating(FBG) sensor introduced and the latter is dominated by distributed temperature sensor(DTS) based on Raman scattering and distributed temperature and strain sensor(DTSS) based on Brillouin scattering.Some application examples of optical fiber sensor in geophysical and mining are illustrated,including fiber seismic detector’s application in underground oil exploration,DTS and fiber grating pressure sensor’s application in oil shale exploration,fiber optic sensor’s application in smart well and fiber gas sensor’s application in subsurface coal mine safety monitoring.Fiber sensor’s current issues(are poor normalization,low yield,et al) and its future development is fiber optic sensors with special structure or in special purpose.