热带大气垂直环流圈对海温场响应的数值试验

本文用一个热带地区两层原始方程模式在赤道东太平洋异常增暖和降冷两种情况下,计算了大气的垂直环流圈对海温异常的响应。试验结果进一步发展了Bjerknes的假说,支持了我国气象工作者提出沃克环流和哈得莱环流存在相互制约的发展趋势。同时通过试验对比,我们指出,热带东西海温梯度在形成这两个正交的垂直环流圈中起主导作用,即由这一海温梯度形成的热力性赤道纬圈环流可以引导出与它有相反变化趋势的经圈环流,反之则不然。

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS OF THE ATMOSPHRIC CIRCULATION RESPONSES TO THE SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES IN THE TROPICAL REGIONS

The responses of the atmospheric vertical circulations to the anomalies of the sea surface temperatures in the tropical regions are computed numerically with two-level primitive equation model in the tropical regions for two cases: (1) anomalous warming and (2) anomalous cooling. It is shown in our experiments that there is a opposite developing trend between the Walker circulation and Hadley circulation which was discovered by Chinese meteorologists. We have further developed the Bjerknes' hypothesis. It is indicated that the east-west gradient of the ocean temperature in the tropical regions may play a major role in the fomation of the two perpendicularvertical circulations.