北京市房山区大气污染物时空分布特征及气象影响因素分析

利用北京市房山区良乡镇和琉璃河镇内的区域自动气象站和环境监测站观测数据,对2013年至2015年PM_(2. 5)、PM_(10)、NO_2、SO_2、CO 5种大气污染物浓度变化特征进行了统计分析。结果显示,近3年来,两个镇综合污染物指数呈现逐年下降趋势,各污染物对房山区整体大气污染的贡献率从大至小依次为PM_(2. 5)、PM_(10)、SO_2、NO_2、CO,PM_(2. 5)已取代传统大气污染物SO_2成为房山区的主要大气污染贡献体。两个站点各污染物浓度均表现出明显的季节、月、日变化特征。在不同季节条件下,局地气象要素与污染天气发生概率之间有着很好的相关关系。因此,可根据气象要素分级方法找出各季节污染天气发生时最敏感的气象因素,为局地污染天气预报提供参考指标,也为防范空气污染、制定科学的综合管理措施提供科学参考。

Spatial-temporal Characteristics and Meteorological Factors Analysis of Air Pollution in Fangshan District of Beijing

Based on the observation data (20132015) of automatic weather station and environmental monitoring station in Liangxiang and Liulihe townships of Beijing Fangshan district, the spatial temporal characteristics and meteorological factors of five kinds of air pollutants(PM2.5,PM10,NO2,SO2,CO) has been analyzed. The results reflect that in the past three years, the comprehensive pollution index showed a declining trend in two townships. The contribution rate of various pollutants to the overall air pollution is PM2.5>PM10>SO2>NO2>CO. PM2.5 has replaced the traditional air pollutant SO2 as the main component of air pollution in Fangshan district. Concentrations of five kinds of air pollution of the two sites show similar seasonal, monthly and diurnal variations.However, there is a significant difference between each other. In different season conditions, there is a good correlation between the local meteorological factors and the probability of heavy air pollution. According to the classification method of meteorological factors, we can find out the most sensitive meteorological factors in each season. Thus, the results can provide reference indexes for local heavy air pollution weather forecasting, and it also can offer scientific reference for making comprehensive management measures.