河南烟区烤烟生育期地表温度日较差变化对烤烟化学品质指标的影响

利用19612013年河南烟区64个气象站逐日0 cm地表温度资料和20032012年烤烟化学成分数据,通过数理统计方法分析了烤烟生育期地表温度日较差(简称地温差)的变化对烤烟化学品质指标的影响。结果表明,河南省烟区烤烟化学成分与生育期地温差关系密切。河南烟区烤烟生育期地温差整体呈显著缩小趋势,下降趋势明显区域主要出现在三门峡、洛阳、平顶山、许昌、漯河和南阳。仅烤烟大田期和旺长期地温差存在突变点,且突变点基本上出现在20世纪80年代初期前后,地温差在显著突变前对烤烟化学成分影响显著。河南烟区烤烟下部叶化学品质指标的变异系数较大,空间差异更为显著。未来可能进一步缩小的地温日较差,将会导致上部叶总糖、还原糖、蛋白质含量减少,钾氯比含量增加;中部叶的氮碱比、糖碱比减少,烟碱、钾含量增加;下部叶两糖比增加。

Effects of Diurnal Ground Temperature Range in Tobacco Growing Period on Chemical Quality Index of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves in Henan Province

Using the daily ground temperature data from 64 weather stations during 19612013 and the chemical composition data of flue cured tobacco leaves from 2003 to 2012 in Henan flue cured tobacco growing areas as well as the mathematical statistics method, this paper analyzes the effects of diurnal ground temperature variation in Henan flue cured tobacco growing areas on the chemical quality of flue cured tobacco leaves. The results show that the chemical composition of flue cured tobacco is closely related to the ground temperature. The tendency of ground temperature in the tobacco growing period has been declining in the Henan flue cured tobacco growing areas, which can be remarkably seen in Sanmenxia, Luoyang, Pingdingshan, Luohe, Xuchang and Nanyang. There are ground temperature abrupt changes between the flue cured stage and fasting growing stage, and such changes showed up more clearly in the early 1980s. The diurnal ground temperature range has a significant influence on the chemical composition of flue cured tobacco before the abrupt changes. The variation coefficient of chemical quality index of flue cured tobacco in lower part of leaves in the Henan flue cured tobacco growing areas are largest, and their spatial difference are even more significant. The future declining diurnal ground temperature would lead to the decreases in total sugar, reducing sugar and protein content in upper leaves. However, the ratio of potassium to chlorine content would increase. For the middle leaves, the ratios of nitrogen to alkali and sugar to nicotine would decrease, but the nicotine and potassium content would increase. Besides, the ratio between the two sugars would increase in lower leaves.