类地天体与地球地质作用的比较研究

<正> 一、概述 地球是作为一员星球在银河系中运动和发展的。因而,它的形成和演化是应服从于一般星球形成和演化规律的。特别是与地球相邻近,而且特征也相近的星球,在形成和演化方面应有更多共同特点。 比较法是认识、鉴别事物的重要方法。事物是从与其他事物比较中反映出它的特性和共性的,在现在科学水平上,能与地球相比较的天体在亿万星球中还是极少数,我们将这些与地球相邻近,而特征又近似的天体称类地天体。

THE COMPARISON OF GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF THE EARTH WITH THE EARTH-LIKE CELESTIAL BODIES

The earth-like celestial bodies, which include the terrestrial planets, asteroids, some satellites and comets, are characterized by rather near distance-from the sun and all of them are solid celestial bodies.Because of the strong weathering, erosion and plate tectonic movment, the earliest records of evolution of the earth thoroughly disappeared, but these of earth-like celestial bodies may still exist on their surface. During the early stage of development of the solar system, strong impacting and cratering had been recorded on the surface of Moon, Mars etc, so it could be assumed that the Earth had also been stricken by many asteroids and meteorites in the past. Thus, the origin of large-scale sedimentary basins and the appearance of the iron-bearing formation in the Archean on the Earth's surface may have been caused by the asteroids and meteorites impact.Based on the comparison of the Earth with the earthlike celestial bodies, the history of celestial evolution of the Earth can be divided into 5 stages: 1. original stage (4. 6 b. y. ); 2. global melting stage (4. 5-4. 15 b. y. ); the initial continental crust was formed; 3. impact stage of small celestial bodies (4. 15-3. 95 b. y.); it is similar to the stage of lunar mare forming;4. stage of microplate tectonics (3. 95-2. 5 b. y.) and 5. stage of the plate tectonics (2. 5 b. y.-recent).