地热开发利用过程中的环境效应及环境保护

地热能的利用和直接利用与其它能源相比有着经济与环境上的优势。随着地热的开发利用，人们愈来愈注意其对环境的影响。地热开发造成的主要环境影响是地面干扰，地面沉降，噪声，热污染和化学物质的排放。但是这些影响可以通过在地热开发过程中仔细的研究和设计来减到最小。地势回灌技术在很大程度上减小甚至消除了地热能的环境影响，这项技术在当今的地热研究和开发过程中成为越来越主要的技术和任务。

Environmental Protection and Environmental Impact of Geothermal Development and Utilization

Utilization of geothermal resources to supply electrical and direct heat is energy efficient and competitive with other energy sources both in economics and in environmental efficiency. With the development and utilization of geothermal energy, the environmental impact of geothermal activity is of more concern.People are especially concerned about the most important geothermal activity. The most important environmental changes brought about by geothermal utilization are surface disturbances, land subsidence due to fluid withdrawal in the reservoir, noise, thermal effects and emission of chemicals. Nevertheless,it is possible to control the environmental impact by careful scientific and engineering design to make the exploitation of geothermal fields compared very favorably and environmentally with that of other energy sources. The reinjection technique has significantly reduced and even eliminated the environmental impact of geothermal energy. This techniques is one of the most important tasks for research and development in geothermal utilization at present.