湖北省湖泊演变及治理对策

湖北省是长江中游重要的湖泊分布区,在历史时期湖泊分布广阔,是著名的云梦泽的主体.由于江湖关系演变和人类活动的影响,湖泊面积变化迅速,尤以20世纪为甚.本文在野外调查和历史文献分析的基础上,利用不同时期的水利图、地形图、遥感影像图作为基本信息源,在GIS技术支持下,提取湖泊水域信息,对湖北省湖泊的主要分布区--江汉平原近百年湖泊水域变化进行了研究.结果表明,从20世纪20年代开始湖泊面积和个数呈先增加后减少的趋势,50年代处于鼎盛时期,50年代到70年代迅速减少,70年代至2000年减幅明显减缓.这种动态变化是自然因素和人类活动综合作用的结果,人类活动的作用更为突出.湖泊面积的减少,带来一系列生态环境问题.针对湖泊资源日益减少的现状,文章提出了治理对策和建议.

On the evolution of lakes in Hubei Province and countermeasures

Hubei Province is an important lake distribution in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in China.In the historical period it has occupied large area of the main body of the Yunmeng Swamp.As the River-Lake system changes and human impacts,the lakes area is changing quickly especially in the 20th century.In this paper,we analyze lake evolution in Jianghan Plain(the main lake distribution of Hubei province)in the past century by using drainage network and relief maps,historical maps and archives,and remote sensing images of different periods. The results show that the area and amount of the lakes begin to increase from the 1920s and arrive to the height in the 1950s;from the 1950s to the 1970s,the area and amount of the lakes decrease rapidly;and from the 1970s to the year 2000,the reduction extent of the area and amount of the lakes is smaller than before.This dynamic change was caused both by natural evolution and human impacts,the human activities take the leading position.The re- duction of the lake area results in a series of ecological and environmental problem.Facing the present situation of the decrease,this paper puts forward some suggestions about the development,utilization and protection of lake re- sources.