Quartz c-axis fabric development and large-scale post-nappe folding (Wandfluhhorn Fold,Penninic nappes) |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, Institute of Waste Management, Muthgasse 107, 1900 Vienna, Austria;2. Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH, Biochemical Conversion Department, Torgauer Straße 116, 04347 Leipzig, Germany;3. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Department of Energy and Bioeconomy, Box 857, 50115 Borås, Sweden;4. Genossenschaft Ökostrom Schweiz, Technoparkstrasse 2, 8406 Winterthur, Switzerland;5. Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;1. School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China;2. Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China;3. Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China;4. Centre of Development Studies, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 9DT, United Kingdom;1. Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, PR China;3. Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China (Mindu Innovation Laboratory), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China;4. Intelligent Construction Automation Center, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | Quartz c-axis fabrics have been investigated within a suite of quartz veins and monomineralic layers around a major post-nappe fold hinge (the Wandfluhhorn Fold) in the Bosco area (Swiss-Italian border) within the lower Penninic nappes.Two kinematic domains which are separated by the axial plane trace of the Wandfluhhorn Fold are recognized; on the lower limb the measured quartz c-axis fabric asymmetry indicates a sense of shear in which the overlying layers move to the southwest (i.e. top-to-SW) whereas on the upper limb the shear sense is reversed with the top moving to northeast. The shear direction (N60°E–N80°E), however, is constant in both areas and oblique to an older stretching lineation as well as to the D3 fold hinge. Such a distribution of asymmetric quartz c-axis fabrics and the constant orientation of their interpreted shear direction, which is apparent only from the fabric data and not from field evidence, indicates fabric development pre- or early syn-Wandfluhhorn folding, with subsequent folding and modification of the existing textures and possibly rotation of the initial fold axis.An overall westward-directed shear has been suggested for the whole of the Lepontine Alps. However, this study demonstrates that this simple general pattern has been modified locally by later folding. It also demonstrates that the dominant lineation may be a finite stretching lineation due to more than one phase of deformation and is not necessarily related to any particular transport direction. |
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