Shear-zone geometries in experimentally deformed clays: the influence of water content,strain rate and primary fabric |
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| Institution: | 1. Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Avda. Séneca, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;2. CIEMAT Energy Department, Renewable Energy Division, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain;3. German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Solar Research, Plataforma Solar de Almería, Ctra. de Senés km 4, E 04200 Tabernas, Spain;4. CIEMAT Energy Department, Plataforma Solar de Almería, Crta. de Senés, km. 4.5, E04200 Tabernas, Spain;1. College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China;2. School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering, Changzhou 213164, China;3. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;2. Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;3. Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;1. Materials Fabrication Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan |
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| Abstract: | In experimentally deformed clays, three parameters which influence the geometry of shear zones are water content, strain rate and the orientation of the shear zones with respect to any primary fabric. The shear zones are the main microstructures induced in the clays within the experimental conditions (triaxial compression at water contents between 20 and 35% w/w and strain rates between 10−4 and 10−8 s−1). Small changes in water content produce a significant change in the appearance of shear zones: structures in wetter sediments are more complex and more numerous than those in drier sediments which tend to produce a small number of discrete planar shear zones. Strain rate is a far less important influence on shear-zone geometry. The orientation of the zones with respect to a primary fabric is also significant. Shear zones which are parallel to the fabric have a simpler geometry than zones which intersect the fabric at a high angle. Knowledge of these factors may help interpret the conditions within which shear zones formed in naturally-deformed soft sediments. |
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