2008年初极端寒冷天气对荔枝龙眼成花的利弊分析

2008年初玉林市出现了一次与历史同期相比持续时间最长,平均温度最低、日照时数最少、总降水量居历史第二位的极端寒冷天气过程。通过对2008年1~4月份荔枝龙眼的观测和调查资料进行分析后发现,这次阴冷无霜的天气过程对荔枝龙眼的成花是既有利,也有弊,但总体上是弊大于利。因为持续长时间的低温和日照严重不足既抑制了冬梢,也抑制了花芽分化,最终导致了成花率明显偏低、花质差、雌花比率低、花期短等不良后果。鉴于这次罕见的极端寒冷天气对荔枝龙眼成花的影响,今后应从提高中长期天气预报准确率和栽培管理技术等方面来做好应对全球气候变暖背景下极端气象灾害的防御工作。

Analysis of the Pros and Cons of the Extreme Cold Weather early in 2008 to Spend Litchi Longan

Yulin City in early 2008 with a history of the longest sustained over the same period,in which average temperature is the lowest,sunshine hours is the least,total precipitation is the secondary.Based on the observation of longan and litchi survey data,it is found that cold weather during the flowering period of litchi and longan has not only advantages,but also disadvantages,but on the whole the later is more than the former.It could inhibit the shoot,also restrained the flower bud differentiation that low temperature and less sunshine hours continued for a long time in winter,eventually led to a significantly low rate of flowers,flowers poor quality,low ratio of female flowers,and other adverse effects of short flowering period.In view of this rare extreme cold weather on litchi and longan spent the impact of the future,improving the accuracy of weather forecasts and long-term cultivation and management technologies and other aspects should be done to deal with the effect from the extreme weather under the global warming the background in defense work.