基于宏观形势和地域优势的“十四五”东北振兴战略思考

新一轮东北振兴战略启动、“十四五”规划开局之际，面对近20 a东北振兴的成就和仍存在的问题，在世界经济格局重构、产业发展多元化背景下，处于中国经济转型和社会生产力变革的环境中，有必要基于东北地区的基础条件、形势变化和存量优势，对东北振兴从更符合自身实际的视角进行再思考，既要延续已有成功的政策方针，更要审时度势，调整思路：发展布局上，形成东北三省+蒙东地区四大板块分工协作与城市+农业+生态三大主体功能网络化联动的格局；制度上，稳妥并适度推进体制机制改革；产业上，立足农业，扶持轻工业，优化重化工业进而重构产业体系；发展重点上，改变传统以城市和重化工业为重点的振兴道路，把优先发展农业农村作为东北全面振兴的新路径和另一重点着重实施，从乡村产业多元提质、城乡要素流通加速和城乡均衡发展等方面推动农业农村发展成为东北地区社会、经济、生态领域的新增长极；理念上，认识到东北地区发展的长期性和周期性，以更加长远的眼光看待东北地区发展，客观审视其发展进程中的辉煌与衰退，不过分追求短期经济效益的攀升，主动适应下行趋势，注重内生发展能力建设；结合“绿水青山黑土地、冰天雪地关东风”的区域本底，丰富东北振兴的内涵和外延，变“东北振兴”为“东北转型发展”，从根本上转变对东北地区及东北振兴的认识，塑造更加有利于东北地区发展的形象和舆情。

Strategic Thinking of Northeast China Revitalization During the "14th Five-Year Plan" Based on the Macro Situation and Regional Advantages

Faced with achievements and remaining problems of Northeast China revitalization in the past 20 years, when the world economic pattern is reconstructing and industrial development is diversifying, it is necessary to rethink the revitalization based on the basic conditions, situation changes, and stock advantages of Northeast China in the environments of national economic transformation and social productivity change. The direction is both to continue the existing successful policies, size up current situation and adjust thinking. In development layout, constructing a pattern of cooperation based on labor division of Northeast China and a pattern of network linkage between 3 main functional zones of urban, agriculture and ecology. In institution, it should promote system and mechanism reform steadily and moderate. In industry, based on agriculture, supporting light industry, optimizing heavy industry and then restructuring the regional industrial system. In development path, changing the traditional revitalization road with emphasis on urban and heavy industry, taking the priority development of agriculture and rural areas as the new path and another focus by improving diversification and quality of rural related industries, accelerating elements flow between urban and rural areas and balancing the development of urban and rural areas. In concept, we must recognize the protracted and cyclical nature of Northeast China development, looking at it in a more long-term perspective, viewing its achievements and decline objectively and avoiding the pursuit of the rapid rise of economic benefits in short-term overly; adapting to the downward trend and paying attention to endogenous development capacity building. By combining the regional background of lucid water, lush mountains and black soil, ice-snow covered land and characteristics of east of Shanhaiguan, enriching the connotation and extension of Northeast China revitalization, turning the “Northeast China revitalization” to “Northeast China transformation development”, we should change the understanding of Northeast China and its revitalization fundamentally, creating an image and public opinion that are more conducive to the development of Northeast China.