耦合土地利用格局与过程变化的生态干扰评价——以长三角地区为例

基于长三角地区2000年、2010年和2018年土地利用数据，分析该地区农用地、建设用地和生态用地时空变化特征，耦合生态斑块空间格局变化、生境面积增减和生态破碎化过程，提出生态干扰格局指数和生态干扰过程指数，定量评价土地利用变化过程中的生态干扰。结果表明：① 2000—2018年，建设用地快速扩张占用了大量农用地及生态用地，土地利用强度呈现先增后减的趋势；② 生态干扰格局指数和生态干扰过程指数时空差异明显，经济发展和城镇化水平较高的地区更易出现生态负干扰，且干扰程度趋于增加；③ 尽管部分区域生态用地净面积有所增加，但其实际受到的生态干扰过程并未减轻，甚至呈现负向化发展趋势。研究有助于深入理解生态用地变化过程中蕴含的生境数量、质量和空间关系，能够为快速城镇化地区生态文明建设和治理提供决策依据。

Evaluation of Ecological Disturbance Coupling Land Use Pattern and Process Change:Taking the Yangtze River Delta as an Example

This study analyzed the characteristics of spatio-temporalchanges in agricultural land, construction land, and ecological land based on the three phases of land use data in the Yangtze River Delta in 2000, 2010, and 2018. Coupled with the spatial pattern change of ecological patch, habitat area and ecological fragmentation change process, the ecological disturbance pattern index and ecological disturbance process index were put forward to quantitatively evaluate the ecological disturbance in the process of land use change. The results showed that: 1) From 2000 to 2018, with the increase of human activities and the rapid expansion of construction land, the area of agricultural land and ecological land gradually decreased, and the intensity of land use showed a trend of slowdown increase. 2) The spatio-temporal differences of ecological disturbance pattern index and ecological disturbance process index are obvious. Areas with higher level of economic development and urbanization are more prone to negative ecological disturbance, and the degree of ecological disturbance tends to increase. 3) Although the net area of ecological land in some regions has increased, the actual ecological disturbance process has not been reduced, or even shows a negative development trend. The study contributes to an in-depth understanding of the habitat quantity, quality and spatial relationship contained in the process of ecological land use change, and can provide a decision-making basis for the construction and governance of ecological civilization in rapid urbanization areas.