宁杭城市多时空尺度居住空间分异与比较

城市居住分异具有社会群体与住宅空间的社会—空间双重属性,已有研究多关注社会经济属性,采用非空间分异指数开展单个城市和较大尺度的实证分析,较难有效反映中国当前城市内部日趋复杂多变、异质破碎的居住分异景观。基于住宅空间视角,采用多群体分异指数、空间分异曲线、指数分解模型与地理探测器等方法,以南京、杭州为案例城市,从街道、街区与网格3个尺度,分析宁杭2009—2018年居住空间分异及其影响因素。研究表明：空间分异指数因考虑到住宅空间位置和邻域环境,可作为对非空间分异指数的一种改进;南京不同住宅类型空间分异程度高于杭州,主要是由城市空间结构差异造成的;居住空间分异是城市社会空间资源非均衡配置的结果,其中“中心位势”和“教育配套”等因素对城市居住空间分异的影响最为显著;宁杭城市居住空间分异的共性与特性并存,揭示出城市比较研究的可行性与必要性。通过创新性探索,为中国城市居住分异研究提供新视角、新方法和新思维。

A comparison study on residential differentiation at multiple spatial and temporal scales in Nanjing and Hangzhou

Residential differentiation is a timeless and classic research topic in the field of urban geography and urban sociology. Urban residential differentiation contains dual socio-spatial attributes of social group differentiation and residential differentiation. Existing studies rely largely on population statistics and social survey data, from the perspective of differentiated social groups to effectively reflect, verify and analyze data from a single city. This empirical analysis is unable to effectively reflect the increasing complexity, heterogenous and fragmented situation of residential differentiation in large cities. There have been fewer comparative studies between similar cities. This paper, in the perspective of residential space, uses housing price as an indicator, and adopts methods such as multi-group segregation index, multi-group spatial segregation index and geographic detector. In particular, Nanjing and Hangzhou from 2009-2018 are taken as cases and census track, block and grid as basic units to carry out a quantitative study on residential differentiation and comparison in Nanjing and Hangzhou at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Through analysis of the above data, the following is observed: (1) Urban residential differentiation, characterized by residential difference, is more time-sensitive and accurate, and spatial segregation index is a correction to the traditional non-spatial segregation index. (2) The high and low-priced housing spatial segregation index in Nanjing is significantly higher than that in Hangzhou, of which spatial structure is a significant factor. (3) The influencing factors and combined features of residential differentiation in Nanjing and Hangzhou show certain similarities, of which "central location" and "education package" have the strongest explanatory power. As an innovative exploration, this paper attempts to provide new perspectives, methods and ideas for studies on urban residential differentiation, hoping to enrich the research on Chinese urban social geography in the new era.