义务教育资源资本化相关研究进展与述评

优质公立义务教育资源对国内城市住房价格具有强烈的资本化效应,引发了相对显著的居住群分现象,已成为公共服务领域的热点问题。既有综述类研究缺乏对教育资源资本化的系统性探讨。论文在对教育资源资本化概念与形成机制进行解析的基础上,从教育资源对住房价格的影响、教育资源资本化计量、教育群分与应对策略3个视角进行述评。首先,分别从学校教育质量的测度及其对住房价格的影响、教育资源可达性的测度及对住房价格的影响2个方面,进行“教育资源对住房价格的影响”相关研究综述。其次,通过对测度教育资源资本化的4类典型方法(特征价格法、边界固定法、工具变量法、双重差分法)、部分典型空间经济计量模型与地理加权回归模型及相关应用进行评述,来梳理“教育资源资本化计量”相关文献。最后,围绕择校或学区政策可能引发的教育群分现象、缓解过度教育群分问题的政策研究,概述“教育群分与应对策略”的研究进展。入学政策效应追踪与评估、缓解教育群分现象的系统研究框架构建、覆盖各学段的教育资源资本化测度、针对各学段更加有效的学校可达性测度方法设计、国内租购同权政策下教育资源资本化的动态变化等,或可成为进一步探讨的方向。

Research progress and review of capitalization of compulsory educational resources

High quality public compulsory education resources have a strong capitalization effect on urban housing prices, which leads to the unique urban residential landscape and residential clustering. Such issue has become the focus in the field of public service provision. In the existing review studies, there is a lack of systematic discussion on the capitalization of educational resources. Based on the analysis of the concept and formation mechanism of the educational resources capitalization, we focused on the impact of school education quality and accessibility on housing prices, the measurement of educational resources capitalization, the residential clustering (segregation) caused by unbalanced distribution of educational resources, and coping strategies. First, from the perspective of the measurement of the quality of school education and its impact on housing prices and the measurement of the accessibility from dwelling places to schools and impact on housing prices, we summarized the relevant research on the impact of educational resources on housing prices. We introduced the mainstream methods to quantify the quality of school education and the impact of school education quality on housing prices. Then we commented on the limitations of traditional accessibility measurement methods, the advantages of the new comprehensive measurement methods, and the impact of school accessibility on housing prices. Second, we reviewed the four typical research methods (hedonic price method, fixed boundary method, instrumental variable approach, difference-in-difference method), some typical spatial econometric models, and geographically weighted regression model and their related applications, to examine the relevant literature on the measurement methods for educational resources capitalization. Finally, we summarized the research progress of educational clustering and coping strategies concerning the phenomenon of educational clustering (segregation) caused by school selection or school district policies and the policies on alleviating the problem. The following topics may be the direction of further discussion: tracking and evaluating the effect of enrollment policy, constructing a systematic research framework to alleviate the problem of education clustering, measuring the capitalization of educational resources covering the whole schooling period, designing more effective accessibility measurement methods for schools in each schooling period, assessing the impact of school accessibility on housing prices (especially rental prices) under the background of "school choice" policies, and following the dynamic changes of capitalization of educational resources under the policy of the same right of renters and owners in China.