Spatiotemporal analysis of climate variability impacts on malaria prevalence in Ghana |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Geography and Geology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341, USA;2. Center for Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Services, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana;1. Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Deputy for Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran;3. Zoonotic Department, Center of Disease Control (CDC), Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil;2. Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil;3. Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy;4. Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, 55296-901 Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil;1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/Fiocruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto, CP1743, CEP: 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;3. Centro de Referência Nacional e Internacional para Flebotomíneos, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/Fiocruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto, CP1743, CEP: 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;4. Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil;1. National Center of Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Tripoli, Libya;2. Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt;3. Research and Training Center on Vectors of Diseases, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt;4. Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya;5. Public Health Department, Faculty of Medical Technology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya;1. INTERTRYP, CIRAD, IRD, TA A-17/G, International Campus in Baillarguet, Montpellier, France;2. Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina (CISeAL), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Campus Nayón, Quito, Ecuador;3. Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud (INLASA), Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Rafael Zubieta #1889, Miraflores, Casilla M-10019, La Paz, Bolivia;4. Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Hideyo Noguchi”, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico;5. Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia;6. Dirección de Recursos Naturales, Secretaria de Desarrollo Sostenible y Medio Ambiente, Gobierno Autónomo Departamental de Santa Cruz, Av. Fransisco Mora 3er Anillo interno, Zona Polanco, Mexico;7. Instituto Altos Estudios Espaciales Mario Gulich, Universidad Nacional Córdoba—CONAE, Ruta C45 Km 8, Falda del Cañete, 5187 Córdoba, Argentina;1. Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;2. Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia;3. Department of Zoological Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;4. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, the Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel;5. Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |
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| Abstract: | There are conflicting results from research on the impacts of temperature and rainfall on malaria prevalence. As a result predicting malaria prevalence still remains a challenge. Generating relevant information on the role of temperature, rainfall, and humidity on malaria prevalence at different geographic scales is critical to efforts to combat the burden of prevalence. For better understanding of climate variability and the impacts on malaria prevalence, this study examined the varying spatial and seasonal distribution in malaria prevalence over time in Ghana. We used trajectory and time series analyses for temporal distribution and conducted GIS-based analyses of the spatial distribution of yearly malaria incidence and climate variables. We observed that the national annual malaria incidence has increased. Considerable inter-annual variations were also detected in the intensity of incidence across regions characterized with varying rainfall and temperature regimes. The results indicated that temperature and humidity have some association with malaria prevalence in Ghana. Although annual rainfall in the model was found to be less significant, there is evidence of rainfall as a predictor of malaria in Ghana. These findings show that public health resource allocations should focus on the areas with the highest malaria risk in Ghana. |
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| Keywords: | Spatiotemporal Climate variability Malaria prevalence |
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