Monitoring socio-environmental change for sustainable development: Developing a Multidimensional Livelihoods Index (MLI) |
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| Institution: | 1. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Nepal;2. University of Melbourne, School of Ecosystem and Forest Science, Australia;3. University of New South Wales, School of Social Science, Australia;1. College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;2. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China;4. Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;1. University of Bern, Centre for Development and Environment, Hallerstrasse 10, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;2. University of Bern, Institute of Geography, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;1. ICAR- Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Umiam 793103, Meghalaya, India;2. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tura, West Garo Hills 794005, Meghalaya, India;3. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hungpung, Ukhrul 795142, Manipur, India;4. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Wokha 797106, Nagaland, India;5. ICAR – Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India;6. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Karbi Anglong, Birla Gate, Diphu 782460, Assam, India;7. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Champhai, Kawnzar, Khawzawl Pin Code-796310, Mizoram, India;8. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, East Kameng, Pampoli 790102, Arunachal Pradesh, India;9. ICAR – Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India;10. ICAR Headquarters (KAB-I), Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India;1. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China;2. School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China |
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| Abstract: | To enable more effective monitoring of sustainable development for meeting targets of the post-2015 agenda, assessment is required at the sub-national level to better understand the spatial variation in factors which contribute to sustaining livelihoods. In this research we take Nepal as a case study; a nation consistently ranked as one of the poorest in the world. To understand how sustainable development can effectively promote livelihood diversification, we advocate that a multidimensional spatial approach is essential for monitoring social and environmental change to aid decision-making processes. To achieve this, a multidimensional index was created to spatially explore the landscape of livelihoods across rural Nepal. A methodology was developed to quantify the livelihoods asset pentagon (human-physical-social-financial-natural) of the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework. 23 socio-environmental indicators were selected to map the multidimensionality of livelihoods at the eco-development area unit level and produce the Multidimensional Livelihoods Index (MLI). Results indicate considerable spatial variability in the factors affecting people's livelihoods across Nepal. In general, the MLI decreases as you move north and east, reflecting changes in the topographic landscape and distance from the Kathmandu Valley Outcomes suggest an effective method for monitoring change at a sub-national level; highlighting potential locations and/or livelihood strategies for improving the targeting of resources (e.g. investment of foreign aid) to facilitate more sustainable development for the future. |
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| Keywords: | Multidimensional Livelihoods Index (MLI) Spatial analysis Sustainable livelihoods Post-2015 Rural Socio-environmental Nepal |
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