黔中洋水背斜分散排泄系统地下水化学特征

黔中洋水背斜分散排泄系统位于贵州磷矿的主要产地，区域内磷矿山、磷化工、磷石膏堆场集中分布。研究该地区地下水化学特征，对于合理开发利用地下水资源具有重要意义。文章以岩溶地下水系统为研究对象，采集了主要地下水露头样品，运用离子对比法、主要离子比值法等水文地球化学研究方法，对地下水化学组分和离子来源进行深入分析。研究结果显示，研究区的碳酸盐岩岩溶水、基岩裂隙水、矿井水三者的水化学组分存在显著差异。碳酸盐岩岩溶水的主要化学组分来源于白云岩和白云质灰岩的溶滤作用；基岩裂隙水的主要化学组分含量是钙质泥岩溶滤与大气降水共同作用的结果；矿井水的主要化学组分则来源于白云岩、白云质灰岩的溶滤作用和人为工程活动的影响。本研究为该地区地下水资源的合理开发利用提供了科学依据，同时也有助于保护地下水资源和维护区域生态环境。

Chemical characteristics of groundwater in the dispersed drainage system of Yangshui anticline in central Guizhou

The dispersed drainage system of Yangshui anticline is located in Jinzhong town, Kaiyang county, Guizhou Province. As one of the main producing areas of phosphate deposits in Guizhou, this area is concentrated with phosphorus mines, phosphorus chemical industry and phosphogypsum storage sites. Therefore, the study on the chemical characteristics of groundwater in this area is of great significance for the rational development, utilization and protection of groundwater resources. This study takes the karst groundwater system, which has relatively independent conditions of groundwater recharge, runoff and discharge, as the research object. The main samples of karst springs, bedrock fissure springs, boreholes and mine drains are collected, and the hydrogeochemical research methods such as ion comparison method and main ion ratio method are used to analyze the chemical components and main ion sources of groundwater. The results show that contents of main cations of K+、Na+、Ca2+ and Mg2+ are listed as: mine drainage>carbonate karst water>bedrock fissure water; contents of ${rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$ and ${rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$ in main anions, mine drainage>carbonate karst water>bedrock fissure water; Ion content of Cl−, mine drainage>bedrock fissure water>carbonate karst water; TDS, mine drainage>carbonate karst water>bedrock fissure water. HCO3-Ca·Mg is the main chemical type of karst water in carbonate rocks; the hydrochemical type of bedrock fissure is HCO3-Ca; the chemical type of mine water is mainly SO4-Ca·Mg followed by SO4·HCO3-Ca·Mg. There are significant differences in hydrochemical composition among carbonate karst water, bedrock fissure water and mine water in the study area. The main chemical components of karst water in carbonate rocks come from the leaching of dolomite and dolomitic limestone. The content of the main chemical components of bedrock fissure water is the result of the joint action of calcareous mudstone leaching and atmospheric precipitation. The main chemical components of mine water come from the leaching of dolomite and dolomitic limestone and the foreign ions brought by intensive human engineering activities. This study not only provides a scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of groundwater resources in this area, but also helps to protect groundwater resources and maintain the regional ecological environment.