GIS应用开发方法回顾与展望

学术界有多种GIS开发方法，但每种方法都有其适用场合和优缺点。该文总结常见的软件开发方法和GIS实施文献，讨论GIS开发管理框架并展望该领域的研究方向。建议GIS、信息系统、管理科学等领域的学者进行协作，通过一定规模的问卷调查和个人访谈进行GIS项目案例研究，总结中国GIS开发中存在的问题和积累的经验；在此基础上撰写适合中国组织、管理与文化背景的GIS开发指南。

Review and Discussion of GIS Application Development Methods

The theoretical and practical application development methods for general information systems and geographic information systems since later 1980s are summarized separately.It is observed that there are quite a few software development methods for GIS implementation,for example code and fix,classic lifecycle model (waterfall and structured system analysis and design),rapid application development (e.g.prototype,organic lifecycle and evolutionary delivery),socio-technical approach (e.g.soft system analysis,ETHICS and Multiview) and pragmatic procedures.However,different methods have different emphases,advantages and disadvantages,and some guidelines advised for GIS users may vary considerably and be inconsistent.For the purpose of developing GIS implementation guidelines,the authors introduce a general management framework for GIS from software development and project management perspectives.The framework practically integrates five interrelated elements:software development method (e.g.RAD,OLC or ETHICS),project lifecycle (initiation,plan,implementation and close),project management objectives (e.g.cost,time,quality,etc.),project management functions (organize,plan,implementation and control) and environmental factors (human,organizational and social issues).Based on the analysis of the new GIS management framework,it is recommended to launch GIS case study research in China through questionnaire survey,interview and multidisciplinary collaboration and consequently to develop a management guideline for Chinese GIS users according to their requirements.