隔震铅芯橡胶支座变形发热及其强度退化研究综述

铅芯橡胶支座（lead-rubber bearing，LRB）是目前应用最为广泛的减隔震装置，普遍应用于建筑、桥梁、储罐和核电站等结构，其抗震性能已在屡次地震中得以验证。当LRB承受大幅值的往复变形时，其力学性能受内部铅芯发热的影响而发生显著变化，主要表现在滞回耗能、特征强度和刚度的降低等方面。首先，总结了铅芯橡胶支座及其结构在以往地震中的震害情况，介绍了预测LRB内部铅芯变形发热和温度升高的理论及近似求解方法，以及基于试验和有限元的验证方法及注意事项；其次，概述了LRB因内部铅芯变形发热导致其强度退化的分析模型和强度退化对结构地震反应的影响；最后，归纳了隔震结构在进行模型试验时，铅芯橡胶支座的相似理论和缩尺问题。

Review on heating effect and strength degradation of lead-rubber bearings

Lead-rubber bearings (LRBs) has been extensively used as a seismic isolation device in buildings, bridges, storage tanks, nuclear power plants and so on. The seismic performances of these structures with LRBs have been verified in the earthquakes. The mechanical properties of LRBs are markedly affected due to lead core heating effect during large and multiple cyclic deformation, such as the hysteretic energy dissipation, the characteristic strength and stiffness of LRBs reduce with increasing number of cycles as a result of the lead core heating effect. Firstly, this paper summarizes the damage of LRBs and structures with LRBs in the earthquakes, and introduces the theory and approximate solution method for predicting lead core heating effect and temperature rise in the core, as well as the verification method and matters needing attention based on experiments and finite element analysis platforms. Secondly, the analysis model of LRBs strength degradation caused by internal lead core heating effect and the influence of strength degradation on structural seismic response are summarized. For model tests of isolated structures with LRBs, finally, the similarity theory and scaling problem of LRBs are illustrated.