深海洋底热泉生态系和冷泉生物研究综述

现代海洋学、微生物学和生物学的研究表明，在深海火山活动和板块消减带所形成的地质背景下分别可能有海底热泉和冷泉的存在。在这种海底热泉和冷泉区的特殊环境中能够能海底热泉生态系的冷泉生物。它们能够依靠体内共生化学厌氧合成细菌产生营养，因而可能存在于完全缺氧的还原环境。海底热泉和冷泉生物学研究是对传统的生物学和地质学的挑战，人们还可能通过古代海底热泉和冷泉生态系的识别和分析，对涉及生命发生、生物演化、生物

HYDROTHERMAL VENT ECOSYSTEM AND COLD SEEP COMMUNITY OF DEEP SEA

ecently,the hydrothermal vent ecological system and the cold seep community have been documented by investigations in oceanography, microbiology and biology. Within volcanic activity and subduction zone areas there are hydrothermal vents and cold seeps where the distinctive thermal-vent ecosystems and cold seep communities have evolved and some animals live on chemosynthetic bacteria. It is a challenge to traditional concepts in biology and geology to study both living and fossil deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems and cold seep communities. Their recognition and analysis can help further our understanding of life origin, bioevolution, mass extinction, anoxic events, volcanic activities and paleo-subduction zones.