环境污染调查中磁与电磁测量新技术的应用

探查和监测废弃埋藏物的污染状况是环境灾害调查的重要内容，而采用地球物理探测方法进行调查通常是最为经济、快速有效的。西方发达国家近年应用物探新方法技术在环境灾害监测、废弃埋藏物调查方面取得了很好的效果，为环境保护部门提供了可靠的资料。文中介绍美国最近几年采用高精度磁测和电磁测量进行浅层（埋深小于４ｍ）废弃金属埋藏物、战争遗留物（如炸弹）及化学污染物的调查新方法与新技术。研究结果表明，采用下列方法将有效地增强环境污染源的异常信号，提高物探方法在环境灾害调查中的探测能力：高分辨率的测量仪器，如精度达００１ｎＴ的航空磁力仪，进行数据采集并辅以ＧＰＳ定位；降低飞行高度、加密测网布置精细网格；采用校正和滤波等手段消除噪声干扰，并通过物理模拟和数值反演作出定量解释；航空磁测、电磁测量与地面磁梯度、地质雷达等不同方法配合等。

EFFECT ANALYSES OF USING MAGNETOMETRY AND ELECTRO MAGNETOMETRY TO DETECT ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANT AND HAZARD

This paper exhibits some examples for detecting buried hazardous waster in USA, and has a discussion on the effect of Geophysical Method for detecting environmental contaminate and hazard. All the achievements concerned are resulted from the utilization of high resolution airborne magnetical, dense ground magnetical and EM methods, in addition to Geophysical presentation and data analysis techniques as well as qualitative interpretations. These hazards include those caused by abandoned oil/gas wellheads, buried steel barrel cache, chemical waste and war remains (bomb) etc. The high resolution may be acquired from the bad lower sensor heights, the tighter line spacings, the high resolution airbore surveying techniques employing supersensitive magnetometers (0.01nT) and differential GPS, and the more and higher EM frequencies etc. The data analysis new techniques including both of hardware and the software are very available which allow the rapid and effective collection of information on a much finer sampling grid.