基于相位差测深声呐(PDBS)技术的莱州湾人工鱼礁探测

相位差测深声呐(Phase Differencing Bathymetric Sonar,PDBS),也被称作干涉式声呐(Interferometric Sonar),可以同步采集水深点云数据和双频侧扫声呐图像,完全适用于大范围的近海人工鱼礁探测。本文采用基于PDBS原理的Edge Tech 6205地形地貌一体化测量设备对莱州湾某海域海洋牧场投礁区进行全覆盖探测,获取了高精度水深数据以及双频侧扫声呐图像。对水深数据进行地形特征变量计算,精细刻画了研究区的微地形地貌特征,并结合侧扫声呐图像通过多数据融合实现了对鱼礁边界的精准识别。在此基础上利用地理信息系统中的空间分析方法对人工鱼礁的水下物理参数进行计算和统计,并探讨了研究区地形地貌的成因及其演化模式,最后论证了基于PDBS的近海人工鱼礁探测技术具有高效率、低成本、高精度等诸多优势。研究结果表明,研究区水深介于4.1~7.3 m,鱼礁分布区有较大的海底起伏且在礁体周围存在明显的沉降和冲刷现象;鱼礁总占地面积约占研究区的14.04%,总空方量共计2 528.22 m³,鱼礁高度介于1.26~3.63 m且呈正态分布。本研究为近海人工鱼礁探测提供了数据和技术支撑,具有较强的实践意义。

Artificial reef exploration based on Phase Differencing Bathymetric Sonar in Laizhou Bay

Phase Differencing Bathymetric Sonar (PDBS), also known as Interferometric Sonar, can collect bathymetric point cloud data and dual-frequency side-scan sonar images simultaneously. It is suitable for a wide range of offshore artificial reef explorations. In this paper, Edge Tech 6205 integrated topographic and geomorphic survey equipment based on PDBS principles was used to conduct full coverage detection of a marine pasture reef casting area in an area of Laizhou Bay and to obtain high-precision bathymetric data and dual-frequency side-scan sonar images. The water depth data were calculated with topographic feature variables, and the micro-topography features of the study area were described in detail. The boundary of fish reefs was identified accurately by multi-data fusion combined with side-scan sonar images. Based on this, the spatial analysis method in the geographic information system is used to calculate and statistically evaluate the underwater physical parameters of artificial reefs. Additionally, the causes of topography and evolution patterns in the study area are discussed. Finally, it is demonstrated that the offshore artificial reefs detection technology based on PDBS has many advantages, such as high efficiency, low cost, and high precision. Results show that the water depth in the study area is between 4.1 and 7.3 m, and there is a large seabed fluctuation in the distribution area of reefs and obvious subsidence and scour around reefs. The total area of the reef accounted for 14.04% of the study area, and the total empty space was 2 528.22 m³. The height of the reef was between 1.26 and 3.63 m, with a normal distribution. This study provides data and technical support for the exploration of offshore artificial reefs and has strong practical significance.