山东南部近海脊腹褐虾时空分布及其与环境因子的关系

脊腹褐虾(Crangon affinis)是山东近海众多鱼类的饵料生物,其分布与水深、海水底层温度等环境要素息息相关。根据2016年10月、2017年1、5和8月在山东南部近海4个航次获取的渔业资源及环境调查数据,分析山东南部近海脊腹褐虾的时空分布特征,运用广义加性模型研究脊腹褐虾的分布与水深、海水底层温度等环境因子间的关系。研究显示,脊腹褐虾CPUE分布呈现明显的季节特征,全年平均CPUE为2.07 kg/h,春季为2.43 kg/h,夏季为2.47 kg/h,秋季为1.18 kg/h,冬季为2.19 kg/h。水深和海水底层温度对脊腹褐虾分布影响显著(p<0.01),脊腹褐虾CPUE与水深呈显著正相关,在水深80 m海域CPUE较高。海水底层温度为6~12℃时,脊腹褐虾CPUE与海水底层温度呈正相关,海水底层温度为12~20℃时呈负相关,最适宜海水底层温度约为12℃。

The Relationship Between Spatiotemporal Distribution of Crangon affinis and Environmental Factors in The Southern Coastal Waters of Shandong

As the essential prey populations in the offshore waters of Shandong,the distribution of Crangon affinis is apparently related to environmental factors such as water depth and sea bottom temperature.Data from multispecies trawl survey of fishery resources and environmental factors in the southern waters of Shandong during 2016 to 2017 were selected to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of C.affinis and its relationship with environmental variables through generalized additive model(GAM).Results showed that CPUE of C.affinis was 2.47 kg/h per haul in summer,followed by 2.43 kg/h per haul in spring,2.19 kg/h per haul in winter and 1.18 kg/h per haul in autumn,indicating significant seasonal variations in the distribution of C.affinis.GAM identified water depth and sea bottom temperature as the major influential environmental factors(p>0.01).CPUE of C.affinis was positively correlated with water depth,which peaked at the depth of 80 m.Peripherally,CPUE was positively related to sea bottom temperature ranging from 6 to 12℃.In contrast,CPUE decreased with sea bottom temperature ranging from 12 to 20℃.The suitable water temperature is seemingly around 12℃for C.affinis in the southern waters of Shandong.