乡村空间重构的理论研究进展与理论框架构建

在新时代城乡融合发展、乡村地域人地关系日益复杂的背景下，乡村空间重构成为乡村地理学研究的重要课题。西方“后生产主义”语境下，乡村空间研究开始出现消费转向、社会-文化转向和后现代转向，多功能、全球化乡村转型与空间重构研究成为西方乡村空间研究的热点；国内研究主要基于乡村地理学人地关系地域系统理论展开乡村空间重构过程—机理—调控研究以及微观视角下农户经济空间行为研究；当前，中国乡村空间重构呈现自上而下的政治经济学转型特征，具有中国特色的农村集体组织与政府、企业、个人等其他主体之间的空间-权力关系成为乡村空间重构的重要视角。政治经济地理学及“社会-空间”二元辩证法为乡村空间重构研究提供了很好的研究范式与研究方法，乡村空间重构研究应系统整合空间生产、主体能动性、土地资本化、社会关系网络、人地关系地域系统和农户地理等政治经济学、地理学理论，强化自然、经济、社会和文化等多要素相互作用及其空间响应机制研究，重点开展多要素多维度的乡村空间格局形成及演变规律研究、乡村社会空间再生产研究、能动性视角下乡村劳动力空间生产研究、政府政策制度与城乡空间治理体系创新研究。

Rural Spatial Restructuring: Theoretical Research Progress and Framework Construction

Against the background of urban-rural integration and the increasingly complex human-land relationship in rural areas, rural spatial restructuring has emerged as an important subject in rural geography. This article preliminarily defines the connotation of rural spatial restructuring. It examines and reviews the theoretical research progress in the field of western post-productionism, domestic rural territorial system, and political economy. In addition, the article also constructs a multi-perspective, multi-element, multi-theoretical framework of rural spatial restructuring. The research shows that first, in the context of western "post-productivism," as the study of the rural spatial restructuring begins to demonstrate the consumption, social-cultural and post-modern turns, the research on multi-function, global rural transformation, and spatial reconstructing becomes the focus area. Second, based on the territorial system of human-environment interaction of rural geography, domestic research emphasizes the process-mechanism-regulation of rural spatial reconstructing and farmers' economic spatial behavior from the micro perspective. Third, accompanied by land capitalization and the increasing importance of rural labor mobility, rural spatial reconstructing presents the Chinese characteristics of top-down political and economic transformation and focuses on the space-power relationship between rural collective organizations and other subjects, such as governments, enterprises, individuals, etc. This has become an important perspective of rural spatial reconstructing. Fourth, the political and economic geography and "social-spatial" dual dialectics provide good research paradigms and methods. Moreover, the theoretical study of rural space reconstructing should systematically integrate political and economic theories (spatial production, subject initiative, land capitalization, social relation network, the territorial system of human-land interaction, and peasant household geography) and strengthen the studies on multi-factor interactions and their spatial response mechanisms (nature, economy, society, and culture). To achieve this, the formation and evolution of rural spatial pattern with multi elements and multi dimensions, rural social spatial reproduction, rural labor spatial production from the perspective of initiative, government policy system, and finally, the innovation of urban and rural spatial governance system should be emphasized.