神府东胜矿区水土环境问题及其调控技术

以神府东胜矿区为例,在分析煤层开采顶板岩层变形破坏的基础上,讨论了由此引发的矿井突水溃砂、地表裂缝塌陷、水源地破坏、植被死亡并造成沙漠化加剧和水质污染等严重的水土环境问题。提出了建立水源地分级保护体系、以拦蓄排泄带方式开采地下水等保护水环境的应对措施;还介绍了防治或减轻含水层结构破坏的“开采技术措施”;在一定措施控制下的“含水层再造技术”;在烧变岩带采用“疏排型水源地开采技术”;“排水-供水-生态环保三位一体结合技术”以及针对矿区周围沙地较多特点的“矿井水沙地净化处理技术”。 

Water-soil environment issues and its controlling technology in Shendong Mining Field

Based on the analysis of upper ground deformation and destruction during mining process in Shendong mining area, this paper discusses the water-soil environment problems caused by the exploitation of coal resource such as mine shaft water breakthrough, well field destruction, surface collapse, ground fissures, vegetation withering, desertification and water pollution. Corresponding measures are proposed to protect well field and water environment by setting well field gradational protection system, and exploiting ground water though adopting the method of dammed up ground water at the discharge belt. Some regulating and controlling techniques are introduced, such as Mining Technique Measure, which can prevent or alleviate aquifer structure being destroyed, Aquifer Re-Build Technique under the control of some measure, Technique of Drainage Aquifer through exploiting ground water at the metamorphic rock belt caused by coal self-ignition, the Technique of Combination of Water Drainage-Water Supply-Environment protect , and the Sandy Land Purification Technique for treating wastewater of the mine.