土壤与地下水污染的地球物理地球化学勘查

列举了土壤、地下水中常见的有机和无机污染组分.进入地下水中的绝大部分污染物与介质发生物理化学反应后,各种金属、非金属离子、固体溶解物、盐类在地下潜水面附近逐渐浓集,导电性增强,电阻率明显降低,对电磁波的反射能力增强.经实际检测发现,某垃圾填埋场被垃圾渗漏液污染的土壤视电阻率在10 Ω·m左右,垃圾渗出液的实测电阻率在0.40 Ω·m左右.比较高密度电阻率法、瞬变电磁法、探地雷达法的效果后发现,高密度电阻率法的效果显著.荧光光谱和吸附乙烷、游离甲烷对指示储油气设施泄漏有显著效果,实际应用中,检测游离甲烷可快速圈定污染范围.

INVESTIGATION OF SOIL AND GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION USING GEOPHYSICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL METHODS

The organic and inorganic compounds in polluted groundwater are listed in this paper. Some metal iron and nonmetal iron, total dissolved substance and salt accumulate in the groundwater while physical and chemical reaction begin between leachate and soil. This reaction leads to increase in conduction of soil, decrease in resistivity and increase in reflection geoelectrical signals of soil. The results show about 10 Ω·m resistivity values in soil and about 0.40 Ω·m in leachate in two landfill sits in north of China. The results of HDC, TEM and GPR are compared and found that result of HDC is pronounced. Hydrocarbon (freedom CH₄,C₂H₆ absorbed by soil) and fluorescent spectrum are useful geochemical methods for detection of leakage compounds from oil and gas storage reservoirs. We present that anomaly of CH4 is of economy, efficiency and no restriction by the site. But the false signal from animal and plant decomposed must be considered carefully.