基于反馈迭代模型的多次波压制方法综述

在油气勘探中,多次波通常被视为影响地震数据处理和解释结果准确性的相干噪声,因此,多次波压制方法研究一直是地球物理勘探领域中的重要研究方向。鉴于自由表面多次波是地震勘探尤其是海上地震勘探资料中最为发育的多次波类型,因此,对自由表面多次波压制方法的研究是十分必要的。目前国内外精度较高且应用广泛的自由表面多次波压制方法即为基于波动方程的反馈迭代法,该方法以地震原始数据为预测因子,不需要其他先验条件,可以在数据驱动下实现高精度的自由表面多次波压制。在该方法理论基础上,近年来发展了一系列更为先进的方法技术。本文首先简要介绍了反馈迭代法的理论基础——反馈迭代模型;然后阐述了基于反馈迭代模型发展的SRME、反数据域法、EPSI、CL-SRME四种方法压制自由表面多次波的机理;最后对比了四种方法各自的优缺点,展望了基于反馈迭代模型的多次波压制方法的研究前景。

A review of multiple suppression methods based on feedback iteration model

In oil and gas exploration,multiples are usually regarded as the coherent noise that affects the processing and interpretation accuracy of seismic data.Therefore,the study of multiple suppression methods has always been an important research direction in the field of geophysical prospecting.Given that the surface-related multiples are the most developed multiples in seismic exploration,especially in marine seismic exploration,it is necessary to conduct a deep study on the suppression methods of surface-related multiples.At present,the surface-related multiple suppression method that enjoys high accuracy and is widely applied at home and abroad is the feedback iteration method based on the wave equation.This method takes the original seismic data as the predictive factor and requires no other prior conditions and allows for high-precision suppression of surface-related multiples driven by data.A series of more advanced methods have been developed based on the theory of this method in recent years.This paper briefly introduces the theoretical basis of the feedback iteration method(i.e.,the feedback iteration model) firstly and then describes the surface-related multiple suppression mechanisms of the four methods developed based on the feedback iterative model, namely SRME,the inverse data domain method,EPSI,and Cl-SRME.Finally,it compares the advantages and disadvantages of these four methods and proposes the research prospects of multiple suppression methods based on the feedback iteration model.