海河流域沉积物重金属形态分布特征及生态风险评估

海河流域中含有重金属的生活、工业污水排入量较大,致使重金属大量进入水环境并聚集在沉积物中。传统的生态风险评估方法忽略了重金属形态分布特征因素,造成生态风险评估可靠性较低的问题。本文以海河流域平原段河流为研究对象,提出了海河流域沉积物重金属形态分布特征及生态风险评估研究,在海河流域设置采集点,采集沉积物样品,并在实验室中使用混合酸处理样品,采用原子吸收法测定样品中重金属含量,分析沉积物重金属形态分布特征。在生态风险评估中,借助丰度计算完善生态风险评估指数,设计重金属生态风险评估标准。实验结果表明,设计方法得到的各个采样点和各类重金属评价与实际情况更加接近,可靠性更高,评估性能更好。

Speciation and distribution of heavy metals in sediments in Haihe River Basin and their effects on ecological risk assessment

Since a large amount of domestic and industrial wastewater containing heavy metals has been discharged into the Haihe River Basin, many heavy metals enter the water environment and accumulate in the sediments. Traditional ecological risk assessment methods ignore the speciation and distribution of heavy metals, leading to the low reliability of ecological risk assessment. This study investigated the plain section of the Haihe River Basin and researched the speciation and distribution of heavy metals in the sediments in the Haihe River Basin and carried out the ecological risk assessment. Sediment samples were collected at the collection points deployed in the Haihe River Basin. Afterward, the samples were processed using mixed acids at the laboratory. Then, the contents of heavy metals in the samples were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry, and the speciation and distribution of heavy metals in the sediments were analyzed. For the ecological risk assessment, abundance calculation was adopted to improve the ecological risk assessment indices and design the ecological risk assessment standard of heavy metals. The experimental results show that the obtained evaluation of the sampling points and various heavy metals were closer to the actual situation, has higher reliability, and displayed better evaluation performance compared to results obtained using traditional assessment methods.