旅游活动对巴马水晶宫洞穴环境及碳酸钙沉积物景观的影响

巴马县水晶宫洞内次生化学碳酸盐（钙）沉积物景观丰富，类型多样，有石钟乳、石幔、石瀑布、石笋、石柱、石盾等特色景观；尤其是近期仍在发育的洞顶鹅管、卷曲石、石花和石毛等是国内外较为罕见的洞穴奇景。自2007年水晶宫开发以来，对巴马水晶宫洞穴环境及碳酸钙沉积物景观等进行了监测,发现洞穴内流水、滴水、池水数量点减少; 洞穴温度升高、湿度降低，CO2浓度增加，空气负离子浓度减小以及普遍滋生(藻类、苔藓、蕨类等)灯光植物和洞穴景观表面的污染与变色污染、老化等现象。依据洞穴环境变化规律，提出有利于洞穴环境保护以及景观修复的相关措施，为科学合理保护开发旅游洞穴提供重要的科学依据及广泛的应用前景。 

Impact of tourism activities on the cave environment and landscape of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) deposits at Shuijinggong cave, Bama county

Various landscapes of secondary chemical carbonate (CaCO3) sediments characterize the Shuijinggong cave in Bama, with many types such as stalactite, curtain drapery, stone waterfall, stalagmites, stalacto-stalagmites, and cave shield. Some of them, like-jade, white as snow, especially straw, helictite, and cave flower which are now growing in the top of cave, are rare landscapes at home and abroad.The Shuijinggong cave tour in Bama was developed in 2007. Since then tracing and monitoring of the cave environment and the landscapes of the secondary chemical carbonate(CaCO3) sediments have been carried out . We found that the quantity of cave seepage-flow water, drip water and pool water have been decreasing, while the temperature and CO2 concentration in the cave increase. In the meantime, the cave humidity and the concentration of air negative ions reduces, whereas photophilous plants such as algae, mosses and ferns extensively grow in the cave and the surface of cave landscape is contaminated by the decay of these cave plants with unfavorable color and by an aging phenomenon of the cave karst features. On the basis of the cave environmental degradation, it is put forward to take measures to protect the cave environment and restore its landscape and in turn provide a scientific basis for a reasonable development of the cave tourism resources.