土壤水研究进展与评述

土壤水是联系地表水与地下水的纽带,在水资源的形成、转化及消耗过程中有重要作用,与农业、水文、环境等领域都有密切联系。所以土壤水研究越来越引起人们的重视,有了长足的进步。目前,土壤水研究走向多学科的交叉,如水热盐的耦合运移,冻结土壤中水分的运移,土壤-植物-大气连续体中的水热运移等。土壤水运动机理研究也更加深入,如优先流、土壤水参数的测定及确定、土壤水参数的空间变异性等。土壤水研究的数值模拟方法也有一些突破,如有限解析法、特征有限元法、交替方向有限元法等。土壤水研究的应用也更加广泛,如用于水资源评价、土壤水分与作物的关系、水环境评价等。

A Review of Soil Water Research

Soil water is the connection of surface water and groundwater.It is of great significance in the formation,transformation and consumption of the water resources and has close relationship with agriculture,hydrology and environment etc., so that the soil water research has been drawn more and more attention and made great progress.The main achievements of the soil water research are as follows.(1) Soil water research is of interdiscipline characteristic,such as coupled water,heat and salt transfer,water transfer in freezing soil, water and heat transfer in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum(SPAC).(2) The mechanisms of soil water movement were studied deeply,such as siol water potential flow,measurement and determination of soil water parameters spatial distribution of siol water parameters. (3) Advanced numerical simulations were introduced in soil water research,such as finite analysis method,characteristic finite element method,and alternating direction finite element method.(4) Results of soil water research have been applied widely,such as the assessment of water resources,the study of the relationship between crop and soil water and the assessment of water environment.