论真误差拟准解的基本特性

本文将回答这样一个问题：为什么拟准检定法能准确地定位粗差并估计出粗差大小？首先从理论上论证真误差的估值的重要特性：真误差拟准解的大小完全由它对应的观测值中的粗差决定，因此它能直接反映粗差的位置和大小。本文还用算例验证了这一结论。

On the property of the estimators of real errors determined by the method of the quasi-accurate detection of gross errors

This paper will answer such a question: why can the gross errors be found, identified and detected correctly and accurately by the method of quasi accurate detection of gross errors(QUAD)? Firstly, an important property of the estimators of real errors by QUAD is analysised by ascertained the relationship between those estimator and gross errors, in which it is shown that the values of those estimators are dependent on the corresponding gross errors. So that ,the position of the gross errors can be identified directly based on this property, then the gross errors can be estimated accurately. Finally ,this conclusion is verified by the results of calculation of an example.