二维太阳光谱观测方法和技术

经典的太阳光谱观测是一维的，它有很大的局限性。从５０年代起，天文工作者采用多种方法开展二维太阳光谱观测，已经研制出一系列仪器，建立完整的资料归算程序，取得优良成果。在二维观测资料的基础上，用理论方法推出深度分布，可以得出三维的立体图像，这会成为太阳研究的主要方法之一。

The Methods and Techniques of Solar 2D Spectral Observations

The classical solar spectral observations are one-dimensional and so suffer serious limitations.Since the fifties astronomical workers have adopted various methods to carry out two-dimensional observations. A series of instruments have been built, complete processes of reduction of observational material have beed set up, and many excellent results have been achieved. On the basis of 2D observational data the further theoretical investigation of the depth distribution of physical parameters may yield three-dimensional stereoscopic models. Moreover, taking into account the fast variations of spectral features with time, four-dimensional pictures can be secured. This may become one of the main trends of solar research. This paper is chiefly devoted to the principles,instrumentation, technology and methods of data analysis of the 2D solar spectroscopy, and a few examples of the observational results with instruments of various kinds are described. Moreover,the deficiences of the work at the present stage and the prospect of future developments are also pointed out.