艾比湖盐尘对周边地区土壤盐分及景观变化的影响

通过对准噶尔盆地西部艾比湖地区盐尘的扩散和堆积进行观测和取样分析,鉴别出粉尘中可溶盐的化学成分、pH和盐尘堆积强度,分析研究了盐尘的形成、分布特征和灾害强度以及盐尘暴与温度、降水、风等气候因子之间的相关关系.结果表明:近50 a来艾比湖的沉积环境总体是比较稳定的,但由于气候波动与人类活动引起艾比湖水位、水域面积曾发生较明显的变化,并产生了盐尘暴的发生、湖泊和土壤盐度以及湖周景观的变化.根据艾比湖周边盐漠区盐尘的时空分布规律、活动特点和危害强度分析,盐尘对准噶尔盆地西部土壤盐分及景观变化的影响强度范围和影响程度划分为3级区.

Effect of Soil Dust from Ebinur Lake on Soil Salts and Landscape of Surrounding Regions

Based on yearly meteorological observational data from weather stations around Ebinur Lake,dispersion and deposits of salt dust in west Junggar Basin were observed and sampled to analyze.Chemical components and pH value of soluble salt,together with deposit intensity of salt dust,were identified.The formation and distribution characteristics of salt dust,and disaster intensity of salt dust storm were studied.The correlative relationships between salt dust and climate factors,such as temperature,precipitation,wind,were also studied.The result shows that in the latest 50 years,the overall deposit environment of Ebinur Lake is relative stable.However,water level and water area of Ebinur Lake has changed significantly owing to climate fluctuation and human activities,resulting in salt dust storm and change in lake salt,soil salt and landscape around the lake.According to the analyses of spatial distribution tendency,active characteristics and harm intensity of the salt dust in salt desert around Ebinur Lake,the range of intensity and degree of soil salt and landscape change due to salt dust are divided into three grades.