多肽类生物活性物质的非核糖体合成机理

遗传信息通过信使核糖核酸、转运核糖核酸和核糖体转变成蛋白质的过程是分子生物学的基石。但是 ,许多多肽类生物活性物质是通过非核糖体途径合成的 ,只有非核糖体多肽合成酶系参与。非核糖体多肽合成酶系是一类多功能蛋白质复合体 ,能识别、激活、转运氨基酸底物并按特定顺序合成多肽。非核糖体多肽合成酶系同时具有酶和模板功能 ,因此被称为蛋白质模板。由于底物大部分是稀有氨基酸 ,经由该途径合成的多肽类生物活性物质种类繁多。了解多肽非核糖体合成机理有助于寻找多肽类生物活性物质 ,有利于通过人工操作非核糖体合成酶系生产多肽类药物。近年来的研究已经使人们初步了解了多肽非核糖体合成的机理。本文将介绍非核糖体合成酶系组成、结构和多肽非核糖体合成过程

Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetases Catalyzed Syntheses of Polypeptide Type Bioactive Materials

Flux of genetic information through messenger RNAs, transfer RNAs and ribosomes from genes to proteins forms the basis of molecular biology. However, many polypeptide type bioactive materials are synthesized by non ribosomal ways under the catalysis of non ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). NRPSs are large multi functional protein complexes that serve as both enzymes and templates, thus being called protein templates. Since polypeptide type bioactive materials mainly consist of rare amino acids, these materials are synthesized by NRPSs to be various structures and with different functions. Understanding this mechanism will certainly facilitate the artificial manipulation of NRPSs and the production of polypeptide drugs. Recent advances in NRPSs research have provided us with preliminary knowledge on non-ribosomal mechanisms, which is discussed in this review.