An assessment of educational tsunami evacuation map designs in Washington and Oregon |
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Authors: | Maciej J Kurowski Nick Hedley and John J Clague |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada;(2) Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada |
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Abstract: | Educational tsunami evacuation map brochures in Washington and Oregon have been developed locally, resulting in significant
differences between the types of tsunami hazard information they include. This paper identifies six tsunami hazard information
types present in 38 brochures in Washington and Oregon: (1) tsunami hazard zone, (2) road network, (3) assembly areas, (4)
evacuation guidance, (5) infrastructure, and (6) terrain. It compares and contrasts these information types in the maps and
text of six of the brochures, including a proposed design standard in Oregon. Design differences of all 38 brochure maps are
then organized using principles of cartographic abstraction, which describe mapmaker decisions about selection, generalization,
and symbolization of information. We further use this framework to situate the information content of a new interactive Google
Maps tool in Oregon. Our assessment identifies limitations of current tsunami hazard information that may be relevant to improving
tsunami education. In theory, more advanced evacuation map tools can play an important role in reducing the limitations of
tsunami hazard information relevant to the public. The new Google Maps tool addresses few of these limitations. Recognizing
how map-making decisions define the underlying information content of evacuation maps can facilitate much needed future evaluations
and developments in evacuation map design. |
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