Affiliation: | a Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo B.C., V9T 6N7, Canada b College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University Corvallis, OR, 97331-5503, USA c Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences PO Box 6000, Sidney, B.C., V8L 4B2, Canada d Frontier Research System for Global Change 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan e Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA f Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg Notkestrasse 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany g Marine and Coastal Management Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay 8012, Cape Town, South Africa |