从生态学角度复原元代滦河上游的景观与物候

运用自然地理学和生态学的方法，根据元代古籍中的景观与物候信息复原了13~14世纪滦河上游及其邻近地区的自然景观：(1) 坝下的落叶阔叶林景观；(2) 坝缘和坝上东部的草甸草原景观；(3) 坝上西部的典型草原景观；(4) 北部的沙地疏林草原景观；(5) 河湖湿地景观。事实表明：从宏观上看，元代的景观结构与现代基本一致。另外，通过物候现象的古今对比，发现14世纪30年代夏季芍药的始花期比现代约提早10天，而14世纪中叶初雪较现代约提早10天。

Landscape and Phenology of the Upper Reaches of the Luanhe River in the Yuan Dynasty

Historical information of landscape and phenology can be applied to reconstruction of ancient environment. In this paper we try to collec t information of landscape and phenology from poems and articles of the Yua n Dynasty, and also use them to reconstruct the natural landscape in the up per reaches of the Luanhe River and its adjacent area. As above ment ioned, data could be analyzed by using the method of physical geograp hy and ecology. The authors suggest that there are five types of landscapes: (1) deciduous broad-leaved forest landscape in the western section of the Yansh an Mountains; (2) meadow steppe landscape in the edge and eastern part of the Inner Mongolia Plateau; (3) typical steppe landscape in the Zha ngbei Plateau; (4) sparse forest steppe landscape in Hunshandake sandy land; and (5) wetland landscape on the lake shore and riverside. In a ddition, according to the comparison of plant phenology, the authors c onsider that the florescence was about 10 days earlier than the contem porary age in summer during the 1330s, and the first snow came about 10 days earlier than the contemporary age in winter during the mid-14th centur y.