石油与天然气生产过程甲烷逃逸排放检测与核算研究现状及建议

甲烷作为油气生产中的主要气态污染物和增温潜势较强的一类温室气体,其逃逸排放检测与核算是中国油气行业温室气体控制与减排过程中的首要问题。通过比较国内外油气行业逃逸甲烷排放核算方法,以及总结当前国内外油气田现场开展的甲烷排放检测研究,对油气行业企业级温室气体清单编制提出了建议。在甲烷逃逸排放核算方面,由于生产过程、工艺等出现的变化,建议加快建立符合我国油气生产实际情况的排放因子,纳入放空气燃烧的周期变化、绿色完井措施使用、陆上/海上油气生产等内容,鼓励油气生产企业通过设备组件统计、现场实测等方式进行排放因子更新。针对逃逸甲烷现场检测数据不足,影响核算结果对比的现状,在开展油气生产过程现场检测时,建议自下而上与自上而下检测方法相结合,保证检测结果的可验证性、可重复性,并谨慎看待针对部分油气生产区块的检测结果进行大尺度区域甲烷逃逸排放量的推算结果。

Current status on fugitive methane emission measurements and inventory during oil and gas production

As a potent greenhouse gas with high global warming potential, methane emission measurement and inventory are the major challenges for the oil and gas industry in China to achieve greenhouse gas emission control and reduction. In this paper, recommendations on greenhouse gas inventory were raised based on the comparison among various inventory methods worldwide, and the methane emission studies during oil and gas production. Suggestions were made to improve the greenhouse gas inventory based on the status quo of the oil and gas production in China. For fugitive methane emission, it is recommended to update the emission factor embracing the change in oil and gas production process, such as reduced flaring period, application of green well completion, and distinguish between onshore and offshore production, etc., and encourage oil and gas companies to update the methane emission factors based on component level calculations or actual measurements. Both top-down and bottom-up methods are encouraged during methane emission measurements so as to make the measurements verifiable and repeatable. It should be cautious to extrapolate the local-based measurements to regional or national levels.