雷达遥感六十年：四个阶段的发展

雷达遥感问世60年来已经历了4个阶段的发展,其在对地观测中的作用正日益凸显,已经广泛应用于不同领域。4个阶段分别是单波段单极化阶段,多波段多极化阶段,极化和干涉阶段,以及以双/多站或星座、高时序高分宽幅、3维成像为代表的新阶段。本文结合作者长期在雷达遥感领域的研究经历,总结和回顾了雷达遥感的阶段发展和具有里程碑式的代表性技术;从观测技术、数据处理和应用角度阐述了新阶段雷达遥感的发展趋势,以及雷达遥感与人工智能和大数据结合的思考;最后着眼未来,介绍了月基雷达对地观测平台的前瞻性研究。

60 years of radar remote sensing: Four-stage development

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing has experienced 60 years of development. It has played an important role in earth observation, especially in the fields of global change, resource exploration, environmental monitoring, disaster assessment, urban planning and planetary exploration. Throughout the development process of SAR remote sensing, it has essentially been a process of continuous exploitation and utilization of microwave and electromagnetic wave resources. According to its observation technology and electromagnetic wave resources utilized, SAR remote sensing has experienced four stages:the single-band and single-polarization SAR stage, the multi-band and multi-polarization SAR stage, the polarization and interferometric SAR stage, and the fourth stage or the new stage marked by the emergence of dual/multi-station or constellation observation, high spatio-temporal resolution and wide swath mapping, and 3-D structure imaging capability. Based on the author''s rich research experiences in the field of SAR remote sensing, this paper first briefly summarizes and reviews the characteristics of various stages and the landmark technologies, as well as the typical applications of SAR remote sensing in agriculture, forestry, geology and disaster application fields. Secondly, from the viewpoint of observation technology, data processing and application, the paper expounds the development trend of SAR remote sensing in the new stage, as well as the prospect of combining SAR remote sensing with artificial intelligence and big data techniques. Finally, with a view to the future, the promising research of the lunar-based SAR earth observation platform is introduced. Establishing a Moon-based SAR Earth observation system can help to observe large scale geoscientific phenomena which is difficult to obtain from airborne or spaceborne satellites, and will open up a new direction of SAR earth observation technology and application.