高分辨率定量遥感的偏振光效应与偏振遥感新领域

随着航空航天高分辨率观测手段的逐步成熟,定量遥感在有效解决了光学地表多尺度效应后,更高分辨率的光学偏振效应在地表、大气、仪器3大要素方面逐步全面凸显出来,并直接决定或影响高分辨率观测系统的定量遥感效能实现和质量保障。例如,植被冠层极其微弱的多次散射反射偏振效应,如果不加扣除其模型误差达到136%;大气衰减本质是大气偏振效应,是遥感反演的最大误差源,误差达到5%—30%,偏振手段扣除大气误差目前已可以降低一半以上的误差;观测仪器扣除多次散射透射偏振光后,可以实现5 nm分辨率下0.1—0.3 nm高光谱定标能力,并借助偏振强化光噪声分离出中心波长偏移和带宽退化的误差根源。借助偏振"强光弱化,弱光强化",能够实现稳定度达10~(-8)月球辐亮度基准观测,为遥感辐亮度定标不确定度由7%到1%—2%跨越提供可能。

Optical polarized effects for high-resolution quantitative remote sensing and new polarization remote sensing fields

The optical multi-scale effect proposed by Academician Li Xiaowen in the last century has become an important cornerstone of quantitative remote sensing. The high-resolution optical polarization effect is gradually highlighted and directly determines or affects the high-resolution observation system, that is, implementation of quantitative remote sensing effect and quality assurance, given the development of the aerospace high-resolution observation in this century, namely, quantitative remote sensing, after effectively solving the optical multi-scale effect. For example, Chinese scholars found that the vegetation canopy has an extremely weak scattering reflection polarization effect when its model error of 136% is not deducted. Atmospheric attenuation is the atmospheric polarization effect and is the largest error source of remote sensing inversion; the error reaches 5%-30%. Polarization means deducting the atmospheric error can reduce the error by more than half. Observation instrument subtracts multiple scattered transmission polarized light, thereby attaining 5 nm resolution and 0.1-0.3 nm hyperspectral scalability, through polarization-enhanced light noise separation of the central wavelength offset and bandwidth degradation of the root causes of error. The system can achieve 10^-8 spherical radiance benchmark observation for remote sensing radiance calibration uncertainty from 7% to 1%-2% across the provision of possibility given the polarization of "strong light weakening, weak light enhancement".