乌鲁木齐河源区44a来气候变暖特征及其对冰川的影响

应用乌鲁木齐河源区大西沟气象站1961-2004年44 a逐日气象观测资料,从最高、最低气温、日较差及积温变化角度分析了河源区的气候变暖特征.结果表明:最低、最高、年平均气温、冬季极端最低气温均呈升高趋势,并且最低气温的上升幅度大于最高气温的上升幅度,呈非对称性变化;气温日较差有显著变小的趋势;日照时数有变少的趋势,可能与大气中水汽含量的增加、云量增多有关,显示了大气水汽温室效应在气候变暖过程中的重要作用.河源区云量出现主要在下午到晚上,其增多显示的水汽温室效应使最低温上升明显,进而对冰川的消融和冰川冰的增温产生影响.计算了稳定通过T≥0℃的气候积温,其与冰川物质平衡相关性最大.最后讨论了积温变化趋势与1号冰川物质平衡的关系以及冰川对气候变化的敏感性.

Climate Warming at Headwater of Ürümqi River,Xinjiang in Past 44 Years and Its Impact on Glacier Shrinking

Based on the daily data observed of Daxigou Meteorological Station from 1961 to 2004,the characteristics of climate warming at Headwater of Ürümqi River have been analyzed from the aspects of maximum temperature,minimum temperature,daily temperature range and the climate accumulated temperature.It is found that maximum temperature,minimum temperature,mean annual temperature,and extreme minimum temperature in winter are rising.The asymmetry of minimum temperature increase more than maximum is detectable.The decrease of daily temperature range is obvious.The decrease of sunlight hours is related to increase of water vapor and cloud.That indicated water vapor greenhouse effect could play an important role in climate warming.At headwater of Ürümqi River,most cloud come forth in afternoon and evening.Water vapor greenhouse effect results from cloud increases making minimum temperature rise obviously,and impact on glacier melting and increasing the temperature of glacier.The climate accumulated temperature of T ≥0℃ is calculated.Its correlation with glacier mass balance is the best.The relationship of climate accumulated temperature change trend and Glacier No.1 mass balance is discussed in theend.