地震保险及其在地震减灾中的潜在作用

随着世界人口与工业化程度增加,地震灾害亦惊人地增大。与此同时,若能将现有知识和技术有效地转化为减灾实践,地震灾害对人类社会的威胁将大大减少。保险是人类对付可能遭受的危险或可能造成损失的一种手段。以保险保单为依据,在保险标的遭受损失时,保险公司将提供经济补偿。本文首先阐明保险在减轻地震损失中可能发挥的潜在作用,以及从经济上帮助在地震中遭受破坏的房产主和企业主恢复重建,其次介绍中国云南省从地震保险的角度,为对付未来震灾所进行的多方协作;最后,为了从技术和经济上合理厘定地震保险费率,并顺利开展地震保险业务,开展国际、国内合作项目是必要的。新近在第九届国际地震预测会（哥斯达黎加,１９９４年９月）会议期间成立的“国际地震保险研究小组”,就是这类合作的先例。该小组由地震预测国际筹划指导委员会领导。

EARTHQUAKE INSURANCE AND ITS POTENTIAL ROLE IN REDUCING SEISMIC LOSSES

With the rapid growing population and industrilization earthquake catastrophies have been increasing at an alarming rate. Meanwhile, the impact of earthquakes on human society could be considerably reduced, if available knowledge and know-how would be effectively transferred into the practices of loss reduction. Insurance is a device for the handling of some of the risksor chances of lossto which man is subject. At its most basis a policy of insurance provides for the payment of monetary compensation for losses sustained on the occurrence of an insured event. The present paper firstly focuses on the potential role that insurance can play in reducing losses from earthquakes while at the same time aiding the financial recovery of houseowners and enterprisers suffering property damage from a severe event. Secondly, introduces the joint efforts against impact of impending earthquakes made in Yunnan Province, China. Lastly, in order to make technically and economically sound earthquake tariffs, and to phrase the earthquake insurance conditions in an appropriate way, international and national programs are needed in the future.The "International Earthquake insurance Study Group"under the umbrella of the international Steering Committee on Earthquake Prognostics, is the first of the kind,which was formed very recently during the 9th Seminar on Earthquake Prognostics ).