地下水水质评价与水资源管理：水文地球化学与同位素方法的应用研究进展

地下水系统是包含地质环境、地下水动力、地下水化学等子集的综合系统,早在2000年前的古罗马时代,人们就已应用水文地球化学方法开展地下水的水化学特征、地下水补给、径流与排泄等研究。近现代同位素技术的发展,为开展地下水补给和可更新性、追踪地下水污染等方面的研究,提供了极大帮助。研究者通过分析地下水样品的水文地球化学指标,如K~+、Ca~(2+)、Na~+、Mg~(2+)等离子,结合δ18 O、δD、δ37 Cl、δ81 Br等稳定同位素指标,在地下水径流特征分析、水岩相互作用过程、地下水咸化、地下水资源管理以及地下水水质问题等研究方面取得了大量成果。本文概述了国内外近年来应用水文地球化学与同位素结合的手段进行地下水系统研究取得的成果及进展,着重回顾了在地下水咸化、地下水硝酸盐及微量有机污染以及地下水资源管理研究中的应用成果。文末讨论了应用水文地球化学与同位素结合的手段研究地下水系统的基本方法,探讨了开展地下水质质量评价与地下水资源管理的科学方法,展望了水文地球化学与同位素方法在地下水有机污染调查研究中的应用前景,认为该方法可以为地下水中新型及持久性有机污染物的来源及污染特征研究提供重要支撑。

Groundwater Quality Assessment and Groundwater Resource Management: A Review on Hydrogeochemical and Stable Isotope Approaches

Groundwater is a comprehensive system including many subsystems such as geological environment, groundwater hydraulics, and groundwater geochemistry. Researches on groundwater through hydrogeochemical approach could be originated to more than 2000 years ago, when Pliny the Elder, recorded the first law of hydrogeocemistry that waters take on the properties of the rocks through which they pass. The technique of isotope analysis developped in recent years provided an effective method to learn the renewability and recharge of groundwater system, and to trace nitrate or other pollutants in groundwater. Researchers applied the combination of the two approaches to investigate groundwater flow paths, water rock interaction, groundwater salinization, groundwater resource management and groundwater quality assessmentin in worldwide aquifers. This paper reviewed the progresses and achievements of researches on groundwater quality and resource management using hydrogeochemical and stable isotope approaches, focusing on the fields of groundwater salinization, nitrate and trace organic pollutants and water resource management.Main ions and traditional isotope indicators were summarized to explain the groundwater quality by hydrogeochemical and stable isotope approaches. Future research focus was presented at the end of the paper, where the author proposed emerging organic pollutants in groundwater are notworth further attention to investigate the current pollution status and assess the health risk.