南充雷暴大风天气学概念模型和环境物理量分析

利用1981～2016年气象常规观测和自动站资料对南充大风的基本气候特征进行统计分析，重点探讨不同类型区域雷暴大风的天气系统配置和环境物理量基本特征。结果表明：(1)南充雷暴大风按照形成原因主要分为高空冷平流强迫类和斜压锋生类，按落区出现情况分为全市型、东部型和西部型，东部型雷暴大风主要由高空冷平流强迫所致，全市型和西部型雷暴大风过程则多为斜压锋生所造成。(2)斜压锋生类雷暴大风主要发生在显著冷暖平流导致的斜压锋生与锋面动力强迫共同作用的形势下，高空冷平流强迫类则主要是高空强干冷平流的作用。(3)雷暴大风过程发生前大气环境呈上干下湿、湿层浅薄或为“喇叭口”形态，对于不同类型雷暴大风过程发生前的环境物理结构不同，斜压锋生类雷暴大风产生时大气环境多为明显斜压特征，高空常伴有强锋区，低层不稳定能量大，因此热力因子比较重要。高空冷平流强迫类主要发生在川陕槽后强烈冷平流形势下，水平风垂直切变大、要求低层增温快，故热力和动力因子都重要。

Synoptic Conceptual Model and Environmental Physical Quantity Analysis of Thunderstorm in Nanchong

Based on the meteorological conventional conobservations and automatic station data from 1981 to 2016, the basic climate characteristics of the Nanchong Gale were statistically analyzed, and the basic characteristics of the weather system configuration and environmental physical quantity of different types of regional thunderstorm gales are emphatically discussed.The results show that:(1) According to the formation reasons, nanchong thunderstorm gales are mainly classified into high-altitude cold advection forcing and baroclinic frontogenesis type, which are divided into city-wide, eastern-type and western-type according to the occurrence of the falling areas.The Eastern type of thunderstorm is mainly caused by high altitude cold advection force, while the whole city and western type of thunderstorm are mostly caused by baroclinic frontogenesis.(2) The baroclinic frontogenesis is mainly caused by the combination of the slanting front and the frontal dynamic forcing caused by the significant cold and warm advection. The forcing type of high-altitude cold advection is mainly generated by the high-altitude strong dry cold advection.(3) Before the occurrence of thunderstorm, the atmospheric environment is in the shape of upper dry and lower humidity, shallow wet layer or bell mouth.For different types of thunderstorms, the physical structure of the environment is different before the occurrence of strong winds.When baroclinic frontogenetic thunderstorm occur, the atmospheric environment is mostly baroclinic. High altitude is often accompanied by strong frontal regions. Considering the large energy of instability in the lower layer, the thermodynamic factors are important.The high-altitude cold advection mainly occurs in the situation of strong cold advection after the Sichuan-Shaanxi trough. The vertical shear of horizontal wind is large, and the vertical shear of the horizontal wind is large, and the temperature of the lower layer is required to increase rapidly. Thermal and dynamic factors are important.