中国城市土地有偿使用的回顾与展望

作者首先对中国城市土地使用的各个阶段作了历史回顾。50年代初,中国土地使用是有偿的;1954年开始则施行行政划拨、无偿使用;80年代,在改革开放的形势下,我国沿海的部份城市率先进行了土地有偿使用的改革和实践,建立各级土地管理机构,修改及制订有关法规。文章着重阐述了自80年代开始的部份城市土地有偿使用改革的内容、办法、难点和问题。同时,对我国土地有偿使用改革的发展趋势进行了评述,认为,土地使用的两种体制将继续并存。为提高土地有偿使用的科学性,作者还详细介绍了一种土地经济评价方法——多因素叠加法。

REVIEW AND PROSPECT ON PAID URBAN LAND USE SYSTEM IN CHINA

Because of a lack of understanding of the scarcity of land resources and the drawbacks caused by free use of land, there is tremendous waste in the landuse. Since 1980's, landreform has been carried out by the government. First, several cities have started changing land use fees. Further the State Council announced the "Regulations on land use tax collection in the cities and towns" which enables cities and towns to collect land use taxes. The annual tax rate range from 0.5 to 10 Yuan/m~2. The clause "The right to use of land may betransferred in accordance with law" was added to Article 10 section 4 of the constitution. This opens a new era of lawful transactions of urban land. After that, the land use right was sold by a lot of cities. These marks the end of free land use in China. With this situation in mind, to appraise the urban land economically will be an important scientific basis for the land reform. According to the experience in several experimental cities, the main way is to grade the land through causal analysis. First study the causal factors and elemnets system reflecting the characteristic and quality of urbanland, give each factor and element different weight according to its influence, and then calculate the comprehensive score of each piece of land, finally grade urban land. The auther find that location infrastructure investment and environment quality are the basic factors that influence the attributes of urban land. Among which location is the most important. The location of a piece of land can be shown in the aggregationextent of commercial and service facility and accessibility. The comprehensive appraisal of multiple factors has the advantage of reflecting the situation of urban land from many aspects, and is also easy to manipulate.