福建台风灾害特征及其防御对策研究

根据历史台风路径、强度和灾害实况等资料,对影响福建的台风灾害划分为较大、重大和特大3个等级,同时提出按照3个等级进行科学设防,从而提高防灾抗灾的主动性,减少盲目性。研究表明,(1)在1949~2005年的57 a里,福建共出现特大台风灾害40次,平均约3年出现2次;在所有台风移动路径中,直接登陆型台风的致灾风险最大,闽南-粤东地区是历史上我国大陆遭受特大台风灾害最频繁的地区,平均每年有1个西太平洋台风穿过巴士海峡后在闽南-粤东沿海登陆。(2)地形作用极易在迎风坡形成台风暴雨中心,戴云山脉东南侧的德化、安溪、南安和永春的台风暴雨平均雨量分别是崇武(沿海站)的3.1,2.8,2.7和2.7倍。(3)防台减灾是一个涉及全社会方方面面的科学-社会系统工程,只有政府组织领导,依靠行政手段,动员全社会防灾抗灾,才能把灾害减轻到最小程度。

Characteristics of landfall typhoon in Fujian Province and its defending research

According to the historical data of typhoon track,typhoon intensity and typhoon-caused disaster records,etc.the typhoon-caused disasters in Fujian Province are divided into 3 grades,e.g.serious,severe and super(3S),and correspondingly,scientific preventive schemes have been promoted,therefore,the activity of preventing and resisting typhoon-caused disasters can be enhanced,and the blindness to treat the disasters can be reduced.The study results indicate,(1) that during the period of 57 years from 1949 to 2005,there are totally 40 super typhoon-caused disasters in Fujian Province,averaged as 2 times every 3 years.Among the whole typhoon tracks,the landfall typhoon may cause disasters with the largest risk,and the south area of Fujian Province and the east area of Guangdong Province are the regions suffering most frequently from super typhoon-caused disasters in China-Mainland in history,averaged as 1 typhoon per year.(2) that with the terrain effects,it is easiest to form typhoon-caused rainstorm centers in the windward slope,and so that the rain amounts of typhoon-caused rainstorm in stations of Dehua,Anxi,Nan'an and Yongchun located southeast of Daiyun Mountain are 3.1,2.8,2.7 and 2.7 times larger than those in Chongwu station(coastal station).(3) that the job of defending and reducing typhoon-caused disasters is a science-society system project,which is related to all aspects of society,and it is only under the leadership of government,with the method of administration and by mobilizing the whole society to prevent and resist typhoon-caused disasters so that the loss could be reduced to the minimum extent.