Interplanetary control of thermospheric densities during large magnetic storms |
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| Institution: | 1. Stanford University, Stanford, USA;2. Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, USA;3. University of California, Los Angeles, USA;1. Institute of Space Weather, School of Math & Statistics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;2. Department of Physics, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada;3. Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008 Nanjing, China;4. Center for Space Science and Applied Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China;5. National Center for Space Weather, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China;1. Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, India;2. Center for Atmospheric and Space Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA;3. Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai 410218, India;4. Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Trivandrum 695022, India;5. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais-INPE, C.P. 515, 12201-970-Saõ José dos Campos, SP, Brazil;1. College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China;2. School of Radiophysics, Biomedical Electronics and Computer Systems, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine;3. College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Harbin 150001, China;1. Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia;2. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia;3. Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk, Russia;4. Institute of Cosmophysical Researches and Radio Wave Propagation of the Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Paratunka, Russia;5. Institute of Geophysics of the Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg, Russia;6. Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia;7. West Department of Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation of Russian Academy of Science, Kaliningrad, Russia;8. Leibniz Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Kühlungsborn, Germany;1. Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via Duranti, 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy;2. Mechanical and Construction Engineering Department, Northumbria University, Wynne-Jones Building, NE1 8ST Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | During the main phase of large magnetic storms significant energy can be deposited in the ionosphere but produce no commensurate magnetic perturbations on the ground. Consequently, models designed to predict and specify thermospheric energy budgets based on ground magnetic data are negatively impacted. To quantify these effects we compare thermospheric densities predicted by the MSIS model with those inferred from accelerometer measurements by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites during two magnetic storm periods in 2004. Although predictions and measurements are in substantial agreement during quiet times, the model significantly underpredicts densities during storms. Also, the model's maxima occur several hours after observed stormtime peaks. We show that polar cap potentials and magnetospheric electric fields derived from interplanetary parameters measured by the Advanced Composition Explorer satellite are roughly proportional to neutral densities observed by GRACE with lead times of ～4 h. Finally, ion drift meter data from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program spacecraft suggest that unpredicted positive and negative spikes found in high latitude accelerometer data reflect encounters with strong head and tail thermospheric winds driven by anti-sunward convecting plasma. |
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