斑节对虾甲壳病理性白斑形成机制的初步研究

利用电子探针、Ｘ射线能谱、红外光谱和Ｘ射线衍射。初步研究了健康的斑节对虾Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｍｏｎｏｄｏｎ甲壳和患病对虾甲壳白斑的形貌、无机组成以及所含的钙化矿物。实验结果表明，健康对虾甲壳的内外表面的钙磷原子比分别为１．２—１．４和１．５６—１．６８；在透射光偏光显微镜下，可见到不均匀分布的大小不等的毛发状、树枝状和十字消光放射球纤状雏晶，有些鲕粒中心可包含石英微粒；红外光谱表明，健康对虾甲壳所包含的沉淀矿物主要是胶磷石。患病对虾甲壳表面白斑区的钙磷原子比可达３１．８３—４３．５６，其剖面中间层鲕粒除合少量硫以外，全部都是钙，偏光显微镜和扫描电镜照片清楚地显示泥晶状、放射纤维状、放射花瓣状微晶集合体逐步交代并覆盖胶磷石，红外光谱和Ｘ射线衍射谱都清楚地证实该矿物是方解石。

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPING MECHANISM OF PATHOLOGIC WHITE SPOTS ON THE SHELL OF PENAEUS MONODON

The morphology, inorganic components and mineralizing deposits in the shells of healthy and unhealthy Peneaus monodon were preliminarily studied by means of electron probe microanalyser, energy dispersive X-ray analyser, infra-red spectrometer and X-ray diffraction methods. The experimental results show that the molar ratios of Ca to P in the inner and external shell surfaces of healthy Penaeus monodon were 1. 2-1. 4 and 1. 56-1. 68, respectively. It can be seen under the polarization microscope that hairy,dencritic and spherical fibrous crystallites with different size existed in the shell in a non-uniform distribution. In the center of some colds there were quartz micrograins embedded. Infra-red spectrum indicates clearly that the mineral deposit was mainly collophane. The molar ratio of Ca to P of the white spots on the shell of the unhealthy Penaeus monodon reached 31. 83-43. 56, and in the middle of the cross section of the shells, the colds consisted almost totally of calcium except for a little sulfur. A gradual metsomatic deposit of crystallite aggregates with micritic. radial fibrious and radial petaloid ie.xture on the sUrfaces of collophane can be clearly seen in the photographs of scanning electron microscope and transmissive light polarization microscope. The infrared spectrum and X-ray diffraction patterns all clearly verify that it is calcite.