天山可降水量和降水转化率的研究

水是干旱半干旱地区的命脉,实施人工增水是增加水资源的一个重要途径。笔者根据1971-2000年30 a天山山区及其周边44个地面站每日4个时次的水汽压和日降水量,运用整层大气可降水量的经验计算公式,计算了天山山区及其周边地区的大气可降水量和降水转化率。分析得出天山地区可降水量夏季多、冬季少,空间分布表现为自西向东、自山区外围向山区中心地带递减的规律。降水转化率的时空分布说明夏季山区的降水转化率较高,一般为100‰~200‰,最大为355‰;冬季降水转化率低于夏季,相对而言山前的平原地区,如伊犁地区、北疆石河子到阜康一带的降水转化率较高,为80‰~125‰。上述结果表明天山地区具有很大的增水潜力。

Research on Precipitable Water and Precipitation Conversion Efficiency around Tianshan Mountain Area

Water is a lifeline in arid and semiarid area.Artificial precipitation is an important method to increase water resource.Based on water vapor pressure of four real times and daily precipitation data from 1971-2000 recorded by the 44 weather stations that distributed around the Tianshan Mountain area,the author calculated and analyzed the precipitable water and the precipitation conversion efficiency with empirical formula about atmospheric precipitable water.The result showed that there was more precipitable water in summer than in winter in Tianshan Mountain area.From west to east and from outer to inner the precipitable water varied from much to less.The precipitation conversion efficiency was higher inside Tianshan Mountain,ranging from 100‰ to 200‰,the highest 355‰.In contrast to summer,the precipitation conversion efficiency on plains surrounding the mountain such as Yili,Shihezi etc.was higher in winter,between 80‰ and 125‰.This indicated that there was more potential to exploring atmospheric water resources.